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Coinciding with the preceding book review, [note: other books were reviewed
in th is British publication] the arrival of this book from America also
pursues the quest for "ultimate explanations". This approach however, is
through the development of philosophy, culminating in Teilhard de Chardin.
I am going to straight away nail my colours to the mast, and say that I
feel this book provides what we all need so much at the present moment,
namely, an advanced primer to Teilhard's thought. Provenzano, who works
at the California Institute of Technology, focuses his book on getting
philosophy to measure up to providing answers to the "Big Questions"--What
is it all about? How should we live? The criteria that he uses to examine
each philosopher's stance are:
1. A philosophy should rest on a fundamental insight that is intuitively
pleasing.
2. A philosophy should be internally consistent.
3. It should not contradict the findings of modern science.
4. It should reinforce the notion of the importance of the individual
person.
With these criteria in mind, he commences to chart the evolutionary
development of philosophy from Thales in the seventh century B.C. to Aquinas,
Kant, Darwin, Kierkegaard, and Ayer in the twentieth. All in all, he examines
thirty three major philosophers en route. But, he leaves the "piece de
resistance" to the last--Teilhard de Chardin who he maintains, provides
a breakthrough in relating philosophy to the "Big Questions". He provides
an immediately understandable portrayal of the key concepts of Teilhard's
thought and of its implications. This summary is without doubt the clearest
that I have read on Teilhard. He then continues in truly evolutionary manner,
to develop those concepts a little further into what he calls, The Philosophy
of Conscious Energy. This he bases on four assumptions:
1. The Law of Consciousness and Complexity is the most fundamental
law in the universe.
2. There is nothing, absolutely nothing, in the universe except energy,
in one form or another.
3. The transformation of energy from one form to another, sometimes
results in differences so great that the two forms are actually two distinct
states of energy. This transformation must be thought of as a change of
state.
4. All "laws" are potentially state dependent as a consequence.
From here he moves out to chart his philosophical system as moving
through four states of evolutionary development--from Radiation to Matter,
to Conscious Energy to Self--Conscious Energy. He applies his criteria
(see above) to his own philosophical thought and makes therefore very clear
links with everyday living. This ranges from putting the social crimes
current in our lives such as drugs, into an explanatory context of consciousness--(because
society has reached a state of higher consciousness, some wish to reduce
consciousness and this is evil at a higher state)--to understanding the
reason for evil; to explaining the drive for scientific research; to understanding
God's "composition"; to the immortality of the soul. In short, a mind blowing
book, yet very practical in its charting of implications, an extremely
rare combination.
Reviewer: Tom Baxter, editor
This is a book about philosophy, but it is a book for everyone--everyone who has ever wondered about the meaning of the universe and human life. This is not a religious book; it is based on what we can best understand by purely human means. It can be read equally well by believers, non-believers, Americans, Africans, Europeans, Asians, Communists, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Buddists, and even Republicans and Democrats. It discusses a basic outlook which--I believe--will become common to all of these diverse groups. The human race does not currently have such a fundamental vision, and that is why these diverse groups cannot have meaningful discussions on tough issues like human rights, abortion, and so forth.
Attempting to gain this fundamental vision was a goal of the philosophers of yesterday. However, they did not have the knowledge of the universe that we have today. For a number of reasons, most of the philosophers of today have abandoned this goal, and are concerned with matters of much less importance to the average person.
In my opinion, we have reached a critical point in human history. Not only can we once again think about the meaning of the universe and human life, but we can--for the first time ever--get some real answers. This type of thinking is like that of the great philosophers of yesterday, and can best be described as a "Return to Philosophy." The breakthrough I mentioned in the opening paragraph provides these answers in the form of a new fundamental vision, or philosophy, of the evolving universe.
There is no quick way to fully convey this new vision. It should be
seen in the light of previous philosophical efforts. Therefore, the early
and middle chapters address the past and present philosophers and my opinion
why each has never been able to gain universal acceptance. I have tried
to pull all of this together in the final few chapters and explain this
new fundamental vision--a vision that provides real insights into the meaning
of the universe and the role of human life.
Part I (Chapters 1-2) introduces the "Two Big Questions" as a convenient way to discuss the ultimate questions of reality. The first deals with what is most basic about the universe: What is it all about? The second deals with ethical aspects of human life: How should we live? Although philosophers since the time of the early Greeks have tried to answer these questions, we still do not have universally accepted answers. In fact, most modern philosophers have said that we should quit trying. However, a breakthrough has finally been made that will allow the development of a universally accepted philosophy which answers the Two Big Questions. In order to be fully appreciated, this breakthrough should be seen in light of what has previously been tried in philosophy.
Part II (Chapters 3-11) presents the previous efforts in philosophy by providing a look at the important philosophers from before the time of Plato to the present. Thirty-three different philosophers are discussed, and each is presented using the same format: background, insight, theory, conclusions/ethical implications, and, finally, comments about what is keeping that philosopher from being universally accepted today. Part II ends with the surprising conclusion that no philosopher is universally accepted today because none of their fundamental insights (i.e., starting points) corresponds to what actually is *most* fundamental about the universe.
Part III (Chapters 12-14) covers three distinct areas. Chapter 12 presents
the basic insight of the geologist, paleontologist, philosopher, and Jesuit
priest, Teilhard de Chardin. He called his insight the "Law of Consciousness
and Complexity." It states that the most fundamental aspect of the universe
is that it contains an inherent tendency to produce entities that are increasingly
complex and conscious. Chapter 13 introduces the Philosophy of Conscious
Energy. It starts with Teilhard's fundamental insight -- but uses none
of his religions assumptions, and adds the notion of "Conscious Energy."
This same chapter then paints an integrated picture of *everything* in
the universe. This integrated view is then used to develop purely philosophical
answers to the Two Big Questions. The answers provided are potentially
acceptable to "almost everybody." Chapter 14 (optional reading) then goes
on to explore some religious possibilities and discusses the future of
philosophy.
Complete Reading: Chapters 1 through 14.
This is the only way to fully understand and appreciate the Philosophy
of Conscious Energy. It allows the reader to first see how some of the
great philosophers have looked at and explained reality, before reading
about the Philosophy of Conscious Energy.
Author's Warning:
In spite of all my efforts to make it interesting, some readers may get bogged down somewhere in the swamp otherwise known as the history of philosophy. If that happens to you, please jump to Chapter 13 and read it immediately. |
Short Reading: Chapters 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, and 14.
This approach is for the reader who is somewhat curious about the history
of philosophy, but does not want to read about it to the depth provided
in the middle pages of the book. Chapters 2 and 11 will give the desired
summary, and Chapter 12 provides additional background about the Philosophy
of Conscious Energy.
Minimum Reading: Chapters 1, 13, and 14.
This approach is for the reader who is not interested in the history
of philosophy -- but is interested in reading about a way of looking at
reality that allows us to answer questions about the meaning of the universe
and human life.